福柯理论视域下《麦克白》中的疯癫与成因

Madness and Its Causes in Macbeth from the Perspective of Foucault’s Theory

摘要: 莎士比亚戏剧惯用疯癫叙事探讨人性困境，其中《麦克白》呈现的双重疯癫现象尤具研究价值。现有研究多聚焦于麦克白夫人形象的前后反差与精神崩溃，而相对忽视了麦克白本人同样经历了从压抑到癫狂的渐进过程。夫妇二人的疯癫本质上是良心谴责与幻觉交织的产物：一方面源于理性与激情的剧烈冲突，另一方面受到女巫预言等超自然力量的催化。此外，将麦克白的疯癫置于苏格兰社会“英格兰化”的历史语境中，结合权力合法性的政治维度分析，或可重新解读麦克白悲剧的深层成因，这一视角为阐释莎士比亚时代疯癫叙事所承载的文化政治隐喻开辟了新路径。

Abstract: Shakespeare often uses madness as a narrative device to explore the dilemmas of human nature, and the dual madness depicted in Macbeth is particularly worthy of study. Existing research has primarily focused on the stark contrast between Lady Macbeth’s initial composure and her subsequent mental breakdown, while relatively neglecting the fact that Macbeth himself undergoes a gradual progression from repression to madness. The madness of both is fundamentally the product of intertwined moral condemnation and hallucinations: on the one hand, it arises from the intense conflict between reason and passion; on the other hand, it is catalyzed by supernatural forces such as the witches’ prophecies. Furthermore, placing Macbeth’s madness within the historical context of Scotland’s ‘Anglicization’ and analyzing it through the political dimension of power legitimacy may allow us to reinterpret the underlying causes of Macbeth’s tragedy. This perspective opens new avenues for understanding the cultural and political metaphors embedded in Shakespearean narratives of madness.