马克思主义视域下的《麦克白》：论“美丑”转换的辩证法则

Macbeth from the Perspective of Marxism: On the Dialectical Law of the Transformation between “Fair and Foul”

摘要: 随着当代莎学研究的深入发展，运用马克思主义视角解读莎士比亚作品与当代社会和人类条件的关系，成为许多学者关注的研究领域。莎士比亚作品中塑造的人物是动态的多维角色，这些人物的性格在剧中的不同阶段呈现出多面性的特点，这体现了马克思主义哲学中矛盾的普遍性与特殊性。《麦克白》这部剧本以“美即丑恶丑即美”为开端，引出了贯穿整个剧情的“矛盾双方相互转换”的主题，揭示了角色性格的复杂多变性，并体现了马克思主义辩证唯物论的核心理念，即矛盾观与发展观。因此，从哲学视角进行文学阐释，论述《麦克白》中多对矛盾产生和发展，既有利于全面把握人物角色和情节，更揭示社会以及历史发展的规律，为莎士比亚作品研究提供了新思路。

Abstract: With the in-depth development of contemporary Shakespearean studies, the use of Marxist perspectives to interpret the relationship between Shakespeare’s works and contemporary social and human conditions has become a field of study of concern to many scholars. The characters in Shakespeare’s works are not one-dimensional flat characters, but dynamic multi-dimensional characters, and these characters are multi-faceted at different stages of the play, which reflects the universality and specificity of contradictions in Marxist philosophy. Macbeth begins with “Fair is Foul, and Foul is Fair”, which leads to the theme of “mutual transformation of contradictory sides” throughout the play, revealing the complexity and variability of the characters’ personalities and the core concepts of Marxist dialectical materialism, such as contradiction and development. Therefore, the literary interpretation of Macbeth from a philosophical point of view, which discusses the emergence and development of contradictions, is not only conducive to a comprehensive grasp of the characters and plots, but also reveals the laws of social and historical development, and provides a new way of thinking for the study of Shakespeare’s works.