喀斯特地貌区山地光伏项目水土保持治理措施适配性优化研究

Optimization of Soil and Water Conservation Control Measures for Mountainous Photovoltaic Projects in Karst Landform Areas

摘要: 水土保持治理措施是缓解光伏项目建设对喀斯特地貌区生态环境影响的关键手段，但传统治理措施(如鱼鳞坑、挡土墙、常规绿化等)多适用于黄土高原、丘陵等非喀斯特区域，在喀斯特地貌区存在地形适配性差、水土保持效率低、生态恢复效果不佳等问题。因此，开展喀斯特地貌区山地光伏项目水土保持治理措施适配性优化研究，对保障项目生态安全、推动光伏产业与生态保护协同发展具有重要意义。本研究通过系统梳理喀斯特生态水文、边坡生态修复等领域研究进展，结合生态系统恢复力理论、水土保持工程学原理，提出适配性优化策略，并从水土保持、经济成本、生态三方面开展综合效益评价，为喀斯特地区光伏项目生态化建设提供理论支撑与实践参考。

Abstract: Soil and water conservation measures are key means to alleviate the impact of photovoltaic project construction on the ecological environment of karst landform areas. However, traditional governance measures (such as fish scale pits, retaining walls, conventional greening, etc.) are mostly applicable to non karst areas such as the Loess Plateau and hills. In karst landform areas, there are problems such as poor terrain adaptability, low soil and water conservation efficiency, and poor ecological restoration effect. Therefore, conducting research on the optimization of soil and water conservation measures for mountainous photovoltaic projects in karst terrain areas is of great significance for ensuring the ecological security of the projects and promoting the coordinated development of the photovoltaic industry and ecological protection. This study systematically reviews the research progress in the fields of karst ecological hydrology and slope ecological restoration, and combines the theory of ecosystem resilience and principles of soil and water conservation engineering to propose adaptive optimization strategies. A comprehensive benefit evaluation is conducted from three aspects: soil and water conservation, economic cost, and ecology, providing theoretical support and practical reference for the ecological construction of photovoltaic projects in karst areas.