响应面法优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取荆芥穗总黄酮

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Schizonepeta Spike Using Response Surface Methodology

摘要: 为提高荆芥穗总黄酮的提取效率并开发绿色高效的提取工艺，本研究采用超声辅助低共熔溶剂法(UAE-DES)提取荆芥穗总黄酮，并通过响应面法(RSM)对提取工艺进行优化。通过单因素试验筛选出最佳低共熔溶剂为氯化胆碱–草酸，并考察了摩尔比、含水量、液料比和超声时间对提取率的影响。在此基础上，采用Box-Behnken设计建立三因素三水平的响应面模型，以含水量、液料比和超声时间为自变量，总黄酮提取率为响应值。结果表明，各因素对提取率的影响顺序为：超声时间 > 含水量 > 液料比。最优工艺参数为：含水量10%、液料比20 mL/g、超声时间1.0 h，此时总黄酮提取率达2.36%，与模型预测值接近，表明该模型具有良好的预测性和适用性。本研究建立了一种高效、环保的荆芥穗总黄酮提取方法，为其进一步开发利用提供了技术支撑。

Abstract: To improve the extraction efficiency of total flavonoids from Schizonepeta spike and develop a green and efficient extraction process, this study employed ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (UAE-DES) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction process. Through single-factor experiments, the optimal deep eutectic solvent was identified as choline chloride-oxalic acid, and the effects of molar ratio, water content, liquid-to-material ratio, and ultrasonic time on the extraction yield were investigated. Based on these results, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was established with water content, liquid-to-material ratio, and ultrasonic time as independent variables, and the total flavonoid extraction yield as the response. The results showed that the order of influence of each factor on the extraction yield was: ultrasonic time > water content > liquid-to-material ratio. The optimal parameters were: water content 10%, liquid-to-material ratio 20 mL/g, and ultrasonic time 1.0 h. Under these conditions, the total flavonoid extraction yield reached 2.36%, which was close to the predicted value , indicating that the model had good predictability and applicability. This study establishes an efficient and environmentally friendly method for extracting total flavonoids from Schizonepeta spike, providing technical support for its further development and utilization.