中式加工饮食中磷添加物对肾脏与心血管疾病风险的影响

The Effects of Phosphate Additives in Chinese-Style Processed Foods on the Risk of Kidney and Cardiovascular Diseases

摘要: 磷是人体必需的矿物质，参与多种生理功能，但过量摄入可能引发健康问题。随着超加工食品(Ultra-Processed Foods, UPF)的广泛消费，无机磷添加剂摄入量显着增加。这类添加剂具有较高的生物利用度，几乎完全被胃肠道吸收，容易导致血清磷酸盐浓度升高。本研究通过PubMed和Google Scholar数据库检索相关文献，探讨加工食品中磷添加剂对人类健康的潜在影响，特别关注其与慢性肾脏病(Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD)及心血管疾病风险的关联。研究发现，加工食品和超加工食品中的磷含量普遍较高，尤其是面包、中式点心和饮料等常见食品。在外食型态下，一日饮食中的磷摄入量可能远超建议摄入量，达到1068毫克，为19岁以上人群建议量的133%。因此，减少加工食品与超加工食品的食用频率，以天然、新鲜食材为主要来源，对于降低隐藏性高磷食品的摄入、维持健康至关重要。公共卫生政策应准确揭露食品中的磷含量，以帮助公众控制饮食磷摄入。

Abstract: Phosphorus is an essential mineral that is involved in a variety of physiological functions in the human body. However, excessive intake may lead to health problems. With the widespread consumption of ultra-processed foods, the intake of inorganic phosphorus additives has significantly increased. These additives have high bioavailability and are almost completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract, which can easily lead to elevated serum phosphate concentrations. This study reviewed relevant literature through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to explore the potential impact of phosphorus additives in processed foods on human health, with particular attention to their association with chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that the phosphorus content in processed and ultra-processed foods is generally high, especially in common foods such as bread, Chinese pastries, and beverages. Under a diet pattern of eating out, daily phosphorus intake may far exceed the recommended intake, reaching 1068 mg, which is 133% of the recommended amount for individuals aged 19 and above. Therefore, reducing the frequency of consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods and using natural, fresh ingredients as the main source is crucial for reducing the intake of hidden high-phosphorus foods and maintaining health. Public health policies should accurately disclose the phosphorus content in foods to help the public control dietary phosphorus intake.