细菌中双组分系统信号网络模型研究进展

Research Progress on Signaling Network Models of Bacterial Two-Component Systems

摘要: 本综述聚焦细菌双组分系统(Two-Component System, TCS)——作为细菌感知环境的核心信号转导机制，该系统通过组氨酸激酶与响应调节蛋白的磷酸化级联反应调控多种生理过程。随着系统生物学与计算建模的发展，研究者已通过构建模块化网络模型，成功揭示了TCS在群体感应等过程中表现出的双稳态、振荡及陡涌响应等动态行为的产生机制。当前研究正从孤立通路分析转向整合多通路交叉调控的网络模型构建，同时结合单细胞技术与合成生物学方法深化机制解析。未来，通过与人工智能技术的深度融合，这些模型将为系统阐明细菌环境适应性原理及开发新型抗菌策略提供关键的理论基础。

Abstract: This review focuses on the bacterial Two-Component System (TCS)—a core signal transduction mechanism that enables bacteria to sense their environment and regulates various physiological processes through a phosphorylation cascade involving histidine kinases and response regulators. With advances in systems biology and computational modeling, researchers have successfully uncovered the mechanisms underlying dynamic behaviors such as bistability, oscillations, and surge responses of TCS in processes like quorum sensing, through the construction of modular network models. Current research is shifting from isolated pathway analysis toward integrated network models that incorporate cross-regulatory interactions between multiple pathways, while leveraging single-cell technologies and synthetic biology approaches to deepen mechanistic understanding. In the future, the integration of these models with artificial intelligence will provide a critical theoretical foundation for systematically elucidating the principles of bacterial environmental adaptation and developing novel antibacterial strategies.