叙事与自我：以实玛利的自我建构之旅

Narrative and Self: Ishmael’s Journey of Self-Construction

摘要: 在《白鲸》的现有的叙事学研究中，学者们主要关注小说叙事技巧的美学意义，而忽略了叙事这一活动本身对于施行它的主体即叙事者的意义。实际上，叙事不仅是一个讲述故事的行为，对于叙事者而言，这更是一个建构自我的过程。本文将从叙事与自我的角度出发，运用经典叙事学和保罗·利科解释学的理论，探讨以实玛利如何通过转变叙事视角、运用戏剧化场景、戏拟权威叙事等策略，在与他者的对话中，实现自我建构。

Abstract: In the existing narratological studies of Moby-Dick, scholars primarily focus on the aesthetic achievement of the novel’s narrative techniques, while overlooking the importance of narrative as an activity for the subject who performs it, namely the narrator. In fact, narration is not merely an act of storytelling; for the narrator, it is also a process of self-construction. This paper examines Moby-Dick through the lens of narrative and the self, employing classical narratology and Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics to explore how Ishmael achieves self-construction in his interactions with others by shifting narrative perspectives, utilizing dramatic scenes, and parodying authoritative narratives.