论《从文自传》《湘行散记》中湘西形象的变迁与沈从文的文化心理

On the Evolution of the Xiangxi Image in Congwen’s Autobiography and Random Sketches on a Trip to Hunan and Shen Congwen’s Cultural Psychology

摘要: 沈从文作为中国现代文学史上一位曾被革命文学话语体系与政治叙事的评判权所“边缘化”的重要作家，其笔下的湘西形象建构与其不同时期的文化心理状态密切相关。在“离去–归来–再离去”的循环历程中，沈从文的文化焦虑与文化启蒙心态得以具象化呈现。本文以《从文自传》与《湘行散记》为研究对象，通过文本细读与比较分析，探讨两部作品中湘西形象的变迁轨迹，进而揭示沈从文在不同创作阶段的文化心理演变。研究表明，《从文自传》是沈从文对自我身份的追寻与建构，以“乡下人”的文化立场回应现代城市文明的冲击；《湘行散记》则记录了他作为知识分子还乡后的审视姿态与文化启蒙意识。通过剖析沈从文文化心理的演变机制及其深层成因，本文旨在进一步理解现代知识分子在文化转型期的价值选择与民族认同困境，为沈从文研究提供新的阐释视角。

Abstract: As an important writer who was “marginalized” by the revolutionary literary discourse system and political narrative in the history of modern Chinese literature Shen Congwen's image construction of Xiangxi is closely related to his cultural psychological state in different periods. In the cyclical process of “leaving-returning-aving again”, Shen Congwen’s cultural anxiety and cultural enlightenment mentality are concretely presented. This article takes Congwen’s Autobiography and Random Sketches on a Trip to Hunan as research objects, explores the changes of Xiangxi images in the two works through close reading and comparative analysis, and then reveals the evolution of Shen Congwen’s cultural identity in different creative stages. The study shows that Congwen’s Autobiography is Shen Congwen’s search for and construction of self-identity, responding to the impact of modern civilization with the cultural position of “countryside people”; Random Sketches on a Trip to Hunan records his posture of examination and cultural enlightenment consciousness after returning to his hometown as an. Through the analysis of the evolution mechanism and deep-seated causes of Shen Congwen’s cultural psychology, this article aims to further understand the value choice and national identity dilemma of modern intellectuals in the period of cultural transformation, and to provide a new perspective for Shen Congwen’s research.