重庆市中老年人膳食模式与骨质疏松的相关性研究

The Association between Dietary Patterns and Osteoporosis among Middle-Aged and Elderly Residents in Chongqing

摘要: 目的：探讨重庆市中老年人群膳食模式与骨质疏松之间的相关性，为骨质疏松的营养干预与防控提供科学依据。方法：选择多阶段随机抽样的方法，选择2024到2025年重庆市骨量风险监测的20个区县中40岁以上的居民作为调查对象。现场调查收集居民的基本情况和膳食信息并进行骨密度检查，根据骨密度值将符合骨质疏松症诊断标准的纳入骨质疏松组。采用主成分分析对膳食模式进行提取，并对各类膳食模式的因子得分四分位数由低到高为Q1、Q2、Q3、Q4，采用二元logistic回归分析各类膳食模式与骨质疏松症风险的关系。结果：共提取到水果–蛋类–奶类模式、肉食性饮食模式、含糖饮料–油炸速食模式、谷类–蔬菜模式和茶–咖啡模式5种膳食模式。回归分析显示，肉食性饮食(Q4: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03~1.44, p < 0.05)和含糖饮料–油炸速食模式(Q4: OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04~1.60, p < 0.05)均与骨质疏松风险呈正相关。结论：本研究发现肉食性饮食模式与含糖饮料–油炸速食模式两种膳食结构均与中老年人群骨质疏松症风险增加相关联，提示在骨质疏松营养干预中，除强调足量钙与维生素D外，更需限制加工红肉等肉制品、含糖饮料及油炸食品，优化整体膳食结构。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the correlation between dietary patterns and osteoporosis among middle-aged and elderly individuals in Chongqing, providing scientific evidence for nutritional interventions and prevention strategies against osteoporosis. Methods: A multistage random sampling method was employed to select residents aged 40 and above from 20 districts and counties in Chongqing City participating in the 2024~2025 Bone Mass Risk Monitoring Program as survey subjects. On-site investigations collected participants’ basic demographics and dietary information while conducting bone density examinations. Individuals meeting osteoporosis diagnostic criteria based on T-scores or Z-scores were assigned to the osteoporosis group. Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns, with factor scores for each pattern categorized into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) from lowest to highest. Binary logistic regression analysis examined the relationship between dietary patterns and osteoporosis risk. Results: Five dietary patterns were extracted: the fruit-egg-dairy pattern, the meat-based dietary pattern, the sugary drinks-fried fast food pattern, the grain-vegetable pattern, and the tea-coffee pattern. Logistic regression analysis revealed that both the meat-based dietary pattern (Q4: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03~1.44, p < 0.05) and the sugary drinks-fried fast food pattern (Q4: OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04~1.60, p < 0.05) were positively associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion: This study found that both the meat-based dietary pattern and the sugar-sweetened beverage and fried fast food pattern were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly populations. This suggests that in nutritional interventions for osteoporosis, beyond emphasizing adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, it is even more crucial to limit processed red meat and other meat products, sugary beverages, and fried foods to optimize overall dietary patterns.