甘蔗纤维对高脂膳食诱导肥胖模型雌性大鼠体重、血糖和脂肪组织的影响

The Effect of Sugarcane Fiber on Body Weight, Blood Glucose, and Adipose Tissue of Female Model Rats with High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity

摘要: 为研究甘蔗纤维对高脂模型大鼠的体重、脂肪组织、空腹血糖及糖耐量的影响，将36只雌性大鼠随机分为对照组(普通饲料)、模型组(喂养高脂饲料)、全甘蔗组(高脂饲料 + 全甘蔗粉)、甘蔗渣组(高脂饲料 + 甘蔗渣粉)、不溶性甘蔗纤维组(高脂饲料 + 不溶性甘蔗纤维粉)、可溶性甘蔗纤维组(高脂饲料 + 可溶性甘蔗纤维粉)，共干预45天，分别在第18天、31天进行口服葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素耐量测定，实验结束后采集各器官并称重记录。结果显示：在实验期间，对照组总摄食量全程显著高于各处理组(P < 0.0001)，可溶性纤维组在实验早期(第18天)糖耐量试验过程中葡萄糖灌胃后60分钟血糖显著低于甘蔗渣组(P < 0.05)，提示其短期控糖潜力；干预结束后不溶性纤维组总脂肪、皮下脂肪及腹股沟脂肪沉积均显著高于对照组及其他处理组(均P < 0.05)，盲肠长度缩短(P < 0.05)；模型组虽总脂肪指数低于对照组(P = 0.025)，但内脏脂肪优先积累且盲肠发育抑制(P = 0.011)，揭示高脂饮食诱导的代谢紊乱特征；可溶性纤维组脂肪沉积显著低于不溶性纤维组(P < 0.001)，但长期糖耐量调控效果减弱。综上，可溶性甘蔗渣通过抑制脂肪沉积与短期血糖调控展现抗肥胖潜力，而不溶性纤维可能增加代谢风险。研究为膳食纤维在肥胖干预中的差异化应用提供了实验依据，未来需结合代谢标志物与肠道菌群深入解析其机制。

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sugarcane fiber on body weight, adipose tissue, fasting blood glucose, and glucose tolerance in high-fat induced obesity model rats. Thirty six female rats were randomly divided into a control group (fed with regular feed), a model group (fed with high-fat feed), a whole sugarcane group (fed with high-fat diet + whole sugarcane flour), a sugarcane bagasse group (fed with high-fat diet + sugarcane bagasse flour), an insoluble sugarcane fiber group (fed with high-fat diet + insoluble sugarcane fiber flour), and a soluble sugarcane fiber group (fed with high-fat diet + soluble sugarcane fiber flour). The intervention lasted for 45 days, and oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were measured on days 18 and 31, respectively. The organs were collected and weighted by the end of the study. The results showed that during the experimental period, the total food intake of the control group was significantly higher than that of each treatment group (P < 0.0001), and the soluble fiber group had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the sugarcane bagasse group 60 minutes after gastric lavage in the early stage of the experiment (day 18) (P < 0.05), indicating its short-term sugar control potential; The total fat, subcutaneous fat, and inguinal fat deposition in the insoluble fiber group were significantly higher than those in the control group and other treatment groups (all P < 0.05), and the cecal length was shortened (P < 0.05); Although the total fat index of the model group was lower than that of the control group (P = 0.025), visceral fat preferentially accumulated and cecal development was inhibited (P = 0.011), revealing the metabolic disorder characteristics induced by high-fat diet; The fat deposition in the soluble fiber group was significantly lower than that in the insoluble fiber group (P < 0.001), but the long-term effect of glucose tolerance regulation was weakened. In summary, soluble sugarcane fiber exhibits anti obesity potential by inhibiting fat deposition and short-term blood glucose regulation, while insoluble fiber may increase metabolic risk. The study provides experimental evidence for the differential application of bagasse in obesity intervention, and in the future, it is necessary to further analyze its mechanism by combining metabolic markers with gut microbiota.