星闪技术：一种确定性短距无线通信方案

NearLink: A Deterministic Short-Range Wireless Communication Solution

摘要: 为解决传统短距无线技术在智能汽车、工业控制等场景下面临的高时延与低可靠性问题，即“确定性鸿沟”，本文对新一代星闪(NearLink)无线通信技术进行了系统性分析。文章首先剖析了星闪为实现确定性通信所采用的核心技术，包括其集中式调度机制、SLB (SparkLink Basic)/SLE (SparkLink Low Energy)双模接入架构以及集成了Polar码和HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest)机制的物理层设计。分析结果表明，星闪通过上述设计，在关键性能上取得了显著提升，其空口时延低于20 µs，传输可靠性高于99.999%，峰值速率可达920 Mbps。目前，星闪技术已在消费电子、汽车电子、工业控制等领域得到初步商业应用，相关产业链与生态系统正在构建中。本文认为，星闪技术为需要精密同步和高可靠性交互的应用场景提供了有效的解决方案，标志着短距无线通信正从“尽力而为”的模式向着提供可预测服务的方向发展，具备较好的应用前景。

Abstract: To address the high latency and low reliability issues faced by traditional short-range wireless technologies in scenarios such as smart cars and industrial control, namely the “determinism gap”, this article systematically analyzes the new generation of NearLink wireless communication technology. The article first analyzes the core technologies used by NearLink to achieve deterministic communication, including its centralized scheduling mechanism, SLB (SparkLink Basic)/SLE (SparkLink Low Energy) dual-mode access architecture, and a physical layer design that integrates Polar codes and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) mechanisms. The analysis results show that through the above design, NearLink has achieved significant improvements in key performance, with an air interface latency of less than 20 µs, a transmission reliability of more than 99.999%, and a peak rate of up to 920 Mbps. Currently, NearLink technology has been initially commercially applied in consumer electronics, automotive electronics, industrial control and other fields, and the relevant industry chain and ecosystem are being built. This article believes that NearLink technology provides an effective solution for application scenarios that require precise synchronization and high-reliability interaction, indicating that short-range wireless communications are evolving from a “best effort” model to providing predictable services, and have good application prospects.