乌托邦世界中的活力物质：新物质主义视域下的《黑暗的左手》研究

Vibrant Matter in Utopian Worlds: A New Materialist Study of The Left Hand of Darkness

摘要: 自文艺复兴以来，“乌托邦”始终代表着对人类理想存在方式的整体想象，它强调主体意志，具有浓厚的意识形态色彩，也因而自然地将人类主体置于“物”之上。而厄苏拉·勒古恩在《黑暗的左手》中塑造了一个物我关系颠倒的异质性“阴托邦”：“物”不仅作为本体存在，具备能动性与行动力，还深入渗透到社会生活中，形塑着人类身体与社会形态，它既在场又退隐，既影响人类又不可被人类完全理解或控制。这一以“物”为本体的乌托邦构想解构了传统乌托邦的人类中心主义桎梏，还与新物质主义理论形成批判性对话，提供了在后人类语境中想象乌托邦的可能性。由此，乌托邦不再指向传统的、单一的社会蓝图，更强调物质能动性与物我共存，指向一个更具包容性与异质性的理想国度。

Abstract: Since the Renaissance, utopian discourse has largely advanced a holistic vision of ideal social life grounded in the assertion of human will and ideological coherence. Therefore, it privileges the human subject, relegating “things” to a subordinate, instrumental role. In The Left Hand of Darkness, however, Ursula K. Le Guin departs from this anthropocentric paradigm by articulating a heterogeneous “Yin utopia” that reverses this hierarchy. Material entities in Gethen are not passive objects but agential and vital participants in social life, shaping bodies, institutions, and social structures. Simultaneously present and withdrawn, they exert force while resisting full human apprehension or control. This object-oriented utopian imagination destabilizes the human-centered assumptions of classical utopian thought and engages critically with new materialist theory. Utopia thus no longer denotes a singular or totalizing social blueprint but instead emerges as a plural, open-ended horizon grounded in material agency and human-nonhuman coexistence.