基于“作者–文本–读者”框架的叙事共情理论研究发展：一项认知诗学领域的元整合分析

Narrative Empathy Theory in Cognitive Poetics: A Meta-Synthesis of Its Development Through the “Author-Text-Reader” Framework

摘要: 自2006年“叙事共情”理论被提出以来，该议题在认知诗学与文学实证研究中日益受到关注，然而现有研究成果零散，缺乏对理论验证、研究方法与核心争议三方面的系统性整合。为此，本文首先系统梳理叙事共情假设，进而构建一个“作者–文本–读者”三元分析框架，并以该框架为基础，通过元整合法对2006-2024年间发表的26项相关研究进行系统梳理。研究发现：理论验证呈多维但不均衡的态势，集中于“读者–文本”互动，而“读者–文本”维度关注不足；方法论上多采用“文本分析–实证检验”路径，但对读者个体差异的量化以及共情本身的定性分析仍存在挑战；核心争议则围绕文类差异与前景化手法展开，揭示了共情机制的语境依赖性。本文系统整合了该领域的理论验证脉络和方法实践，旨在为推动叙事共情理论在中国本土语境下的创新应用提供清晰参考。

Abstract: Since the “narrative empathy” theory was proposed in 2006, this topic has garnered increasing attention within cognitive poetics and empirical literary studies. However, existing research findings in this area remain fragmented, lacking a systematic integration of theoretical validations, research methodologies, and core debates. Based on hypotheses on narrative empathy, this paper constructs an “author-text-reader” tripartite analytical framework and employs a meta-synthesis method to systematically review 26 relevant studies published between 2006 and 2024. The study finds that theoretical validation demonstrates multidimensional yet uneven development, primarily concentrating on “reader-text” interactions while paying insufficient attention to the “author-reader” dimension. Methodologically, studies predominantly adopt a “textual analysis-empirical testing” approach, yet challenges persist in quantifying individual reader differences and qualitatively analyzing empathy itself. Core debates revolve around genre differences and foregrounding techniques, revealing the context-dependent nature of the empathy mechanism. This paper systematically integrates the theoretical validation trajectories and methodological practices within the field, aiming to provide a clear reference for promoting the innovative application of narrative empathy theory within the Chinese context.