电商供应链中制造型供应商生产安全治理的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Outlook on Production Safety Governance of Manufacturing Suppliers in E-Commerce Supply Chains

摘要: 在电商经济快速发展的背景下，“小单快反”与脉冲式需求重塑了制造业的生产逻辑，但其带来的高周转与时效压力也显著诱发了制造型供应商的生产安全风险。本文系统梳理了电商供应链中供应商生产安全治理的研究脉络。首先，从诱因机制看，电商大促等脉冲订单导致生产系统安全容量过载，极端的交付时效限制挤占了设备维保空间，并诱发一线员工产生安全捷径心理及违章行为，形成了需求侧压力向生产侧的负面传导。其次，在治理模式演进方面，研究重心正从传统的属地行政监管转向以平台流量分配权为核心的“私人规制”与政企协同下的“元规制”模式，强调利用信用分级与算法奖惩实现对供应商的动态管控。在此过程中，本文引入批判性视角，剖析了平台“算法控制”对一线“数字劳动”者产生的双重效应，并探讨了“私人规制”与公共监管之间的辩证协同关系。此外，数字赋能推动治理模式由工业互联网实时感知向大数据与人工智能驱动的“预测性治理”跃迁，显著提升了风险主动防控能力。在方法论层面，学术界广泛采用演化博弈理论分析多主体利益均衡，并运用系统动力学模拟风险传导的非线性特征。然而，针对现有定量方法的局限性，未来研究亟需引入大数据与质性访谈相融合的混合研究法，以及基于数字孪生的仿真实验法，以提升微观人因分析的深度与系统推演的保真度。最后，未来研究需进一步关注小微供应商治理的普适性、跨境电商安全标准的协同以及算法压力下的伦理关怀，以期实现电商生态效率与本质安全的深度融合与协同发展。

Abstract: In the context of the rapid development of the e-commerce economy, the “small-batch and fast-response” model and pulse demand have reshaped manufacturing production logic. However, the resulting high turnover and extreme time pressure have significantly induced production safety risks for manufacturing suppliers. This paper systematically reviews the research evolution of production safety governance for suppliers within the e-commerce supply chain. First, regarding the causal mechanisms, spike orders during e-commerce promotions lead to the overload of production system safety capacity. Extreme delivery time constraints squeeze equipment maintenance windows and induce safety shortcut psychology and non-compliant behaviors among frontline employees, forming a negative transmission of pressure from the demand side to the production side. Second, in terms of governance model evolution, the research focus is shifting from traditional territorial administrative supervision to “private regulation” centered on platform traffic allocation power and “meta-regulation” under government-platform synergy, emphasizing the use of credit ratings and algorithmic rewards and punishments for dynamic supplier management. In this process, a critical perspective is introduced to analyze the dual effects of platform “algorithmic control” on frontline “digital labor”, and the dialectical synergistic relationship between “private regulation” and public supervision is explored. Furthermore, digital empowerment has enabled a leap from real-time perception via the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) to “predictive governance” driven by big data and artificial intelligence, significantly enhancing proactive risk prevention and control capabilities. Methodologically, academia frequently employs evolutionary game theory to analyze multi-agent interest equilibrium and utilizes system dynamics to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of risk transmission. However, addressing the limitations of existing quantitative methods, future research urgently needs to introduce mixed methods integrating big data and qualitative interviews, as well as simulation experiment methods based on digital twins, to enhance the depth of micro-human factor analysis and the fidelity of system deduction. Finally, future research should further focus on the universality of governance for micro and small suppliers, the coordination of cross-border e-commerce safety standards, and ethical care under algorithmic pressure, aiming to achieve the deep integration and synergistic development of e-commerce ecosystem efficiency and inherent safety.