海南晚新生代玄武岩对海南地幔柱的启示
Implications of Late Cenozoic Basalts in Hainan for the Hainan Mantle Plume
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2026.166079, PDF,   
作者: 吕司南：桂林理工大学地球科学学院，广西 桂林
关键词: 海南地幔柱；OIB型玄武岩；晚新生代；海南岛；Hainan Mantle Plume； OIB-Type Basalts； Late Cenozoic； Hainan Island
摘要: 地球化学和地球物理证据共同证实了在海南岛下方存在一个晚新生代活动的地幔柱，并对华南地区板内火山活动和构造演化产生了显著影响，但其深部起源机制与岩浆演化过程仍存在争议。海南岛位于华南板块南缘，北部以琼州海峡与雷州半岛相隔，其新生代火山活动自始新世至全新世均有发育，在琼北地区形成百余座火山锥及大面积分布的火山岩台地，构成雷琼裂谷火山岩带的重要组成部分。火山熔岩以灰黑色玄武岩和橄榄玄武岩为主，岩石类型包括拉斑玄武岩系列和碱性系列，具有典型的洋岛型玄武岩(OIB)型微量元素特征和DUPAL同位素异常，估算的地幔潜在温度显著高于全球软流圈地幔。这些玄武岩被认为是海南地幔柱的岩浆产物，对揭示海南地幔柱的起源深度、上升动力学机制及其与被动陆缘伸展作用的耦合关系具有重要意义。本文基于前人发表的海南岛晚新生代玄武岩的地球化学数据，系统综述海南地幔柱的岩浆演化特征和地幔源区性质。
Abstract: Geochemical and geophysical evidence collectively confirms the presence of an active late Cenozoic mantle plume beneath Hainan Island, which has exerted a profound influence on intraplate volcanism and the tectonic evolution of South China. Nevertheless, the deep-seated mechanisms of its origin and magmatic evolution remain subjects of ongoing debate. Situated at the southern margin of the South China Block, Hainan Island is separated from the Leizhou Peninsula to the north by the Qiongzhou Strait. Cenozoic volcanism in this region spans from the Eocene to the Holocene, culminating in the formation of over a hundred volcanic cones and extensive basaltic plateaus in northern Hainan, which constitute a vital component of the Leiqiong rift volcanic belt. The volcanic lavas are predominantly composed of grayish-black basalts and olivine basalts, encompassing both the tholeiitic and alkaline series. These rocks exhibit typical ocean island basalt (OIB)-type trace element signatures and DUPAL isotopic anomalies, yielding estimated mantle potential temperatures significantly higher than that of the global ambient asthenospheric mantle. Recognized as the magmatic products of the Hainan mantle plume, these basalts provide crucial insights into the depth of plume origin, its ascent dynamics, and its coupling relationship with passive continental margin extension. Based on a compilation of previously published geochemical data from late Cenozoic basalts on Hainan Island, this paper systematically reviews the magmatic evolution characteristics and mantle source properties of the Hainan mantle plume.
文章引用：吕司南. 海南晚新生代玄武岩对海南地幔柱的启示[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2026, 16(6): 873-885. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2026.166079

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