湘南白钨矿资源分布特征与开发利用现状分析

Analysis of Distribution Characteristics and Development and Utilization Status of Scheelite Resources in Southern Hunan

摘要: 湘南地区位于南岭钨锡多金属成矿带中段，其白钨矿资源具有优越禀赋，是我国钨资源战略保障方面非常关键的区域。本文全面梳理了湘南白钨矿的成矿地质背景、资源分布特征，着重把柿竹园、新田岭、瑶岗仙、汝城、水源山等具有代表性的矿区当作研究对象，从采选工艺、产业组织、共伴生资源综合利用还有绿色矿山建设这四个方面，对当前开发利用的状况、所取得的进展展开了剖析。分析得出，湘南白钨矿资源有这样一些共性特征，即“矽卡岩型占主导地位、多金属共伴生情况比较普遍、矿床规模大但品位较低、深边部找矿存在较好潜力”。在开发利用进程中，取得了钨回收率大幅提高、多金属综合回收模式初步建立起来、绿色矿山建设取得明显成效等比较积极的进展。但是，矿石品位不断下降、含钙脉石浮选分离存在困难、尾矿资源化利用不够充分、生态修复方面存在历史遗留问题等挑战依旧非常突出。建议从选矿技术创新、全产业链整合升级、尾矿资源综合回收、绿色矿山建设这四个方面协同推进，以此推动湘南白钨矿产业实现高质量可持续发展。

Abstract: Southern Hunan is located in the middle of the Nanling tungsten-tin polymetallic metallogenic belt. Its scheelite resources have superior endowments and are a very critical area for the strategic guarantee of tungsten resources in China. This paper comprehensively combs the metallogenic geological background and resource distribution characteristics of scheelite in southern Hunan, and focuses on the representative mining areas such as Shizhuyuan, Xintianling, Yaogangxian, Rucheng and Shuiyuanshan as the research objects. From the four aspects of mining and dressing process, industrial organization, comprehensive utilization of associated resources and green mine construction, the current situation of development and utilization and the progress made are analyzed. The analysis shows that the scheelite resources in southern Hunan have some common characteristics, that is, “the skarn type is dominant, the polymetallic symbiosis is common, the deposit is large but the grade is low, and there is a good potential for prospecting in the deep edge”. In the process of development and utilization, the tungsten recovery rate has been greatly improved, the multi-metal comprehensive recovery model has been initially established, and the green mine construction has achieved remarkable results. However, challenges such as declining ore grade, difficulties in flotation separation of calcium-containing gangue, insufficient utilization of tailings resources, and historical problems in ecological restoration are still very prominent. It is suggested that the four aspects of mineral processing technology innovation, integration and upgrading of the whole industrial chain, comprehensive recovery of tailings resources and green mine construction should be promoted together to promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the scheelite industry in southern Hunan.