基于空间句法和POI数据的建水古城内城历史文化街区空间优化研究

Research on Spatial Optimization of the Historic and Cultural District in the Inner City of Jianshui Ancient City Based on Space Syntax and POI Data

摘要: 古城类历史文化街区是城市历史文脉与地域文化传承的重要载体，对其进行空间优化有利于保护历史风貌、提升空间活力并推动文化遗产活化利用。基于空间句法、POI核密度分析及百度热力图验证，从“空间的社会逻辑”来探讨建水古城内城历史文化街区的道路结构特征、人流活动规律及各类设施分布与空间可达性的关联关系，并提出针对性的空间优化建议。结果表明：(1) 街区形成以高整合度道路为核心的空间骨架，总深度与平均深度呈现“中心低、外围高”的空间格局，整体空间内聚性较强且层级结构清晰；(2) 街区可理解性与协同性较低，局部空间与整体结构联系不足，空间导向性和辨识度有待提升；(3) 街区人流热力呈现“多核集聚、核心突出”的分布特征，高热度区域与高整合度街道及重要历史文化节点高度吻合，道路可达性对空间活力集聚具有显著引导作用；(4) 餐饮、住宿、旅游服务及商业购物等设施与高整合度空间耦合关系较强，历史文化与自然景观资源共同驱动街区功能集聚与活力发展。根据研究结果，从空间网络优化、公共空间塑造、功能协同发展和文化景观提升4个方面提出空间优化建议，为古城类历史文化街区的保护更新与高质量发展提供一定参考。

Abstract: Historic and cultural districts in ancient cities serve as vital carriers of urban historical context and regional cultural heritage. Their spatial optimization is conducive to preserving historical features, enhancing spatial vitality, and promoting the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage. Based on space syntax, POI kernel density analysis, and Baidu heat map validation, this study explores, from the perspective of “the social logic of space”, the road network structure, pedestrian flow patterns, and the coupling relationship between facility distribution and spatial accessibility in the historic and cultural district within the inner city of Jianshui Ancient City, and further proposes targeted spatial optimization strategies. The results reveal that: (1) The district has formed a spatial skeleton centered on highly integrated roads, with total depth and mean depth exhibiting a spatial pattern of “low in the center and high at the periphery”, demonstrating strong overall spatial cohesion and a clearly defined hierarchical structure. (2) The district’s intelligibility and synergy are relatively low, suggesting an inadequate connection between local spaces and the global structure, and highlighting a need to enhance spatial orientation and legibility. (3) Pedestrian heat distribution displays a “multi-core clustering with prominent hot spots” pattern; high-heat areas closely coincide with highly integrated streets and key historical and cultural nodes, indicating that road accessibility significantly guides the agglomeration of spatial vitality. (4) Facilities such as catering, accommodation, tourism services, and retail shopping exhibit a strong coupling with highly integrated spaces. Historical and cultural resources, together with natural landscape assets, jointly drive functional agglomeration and vitality development within the district. Based on these findings, spatial optimization suggestions are proposed from four aspects—spatial network optimization, public space creation, functional synergy development, and cultural landscape enhancement—providing a reference for the conservation, regeneration, and high-quality development of historic and cultural districts in ancient cities.