四种化学物质对南瓜、西葫芦生长和雌花发育的影响

The Influence of Four Kinds of Chemicals on Growth and Female Flowers Development of Squash and Zucchini Varieties

摘要: 为了解决南瓜、西葫芦秋季日光温室栽培中前期营养生长过快，雌花少、产量低的问题，以2个南瓜品种、3个西葫芦品种为试材，进行了化学物质(赤霉素、矮壮素、乙烯利、多效唑)控制南瓜、西葫芦营养生长，促进雌花发育的研究。结果表明：赤霉素促进南瓜、西葫芦营养生长，多效唑、矮壮素、乙烯利对南瓜、西葫芦营养生长有抑制作用；乙烯利对南瓜、西葫芦雌花形成有极显著的促进作用；矮壮素、赤霉素对西葫芦雌花形成有显著的促进作用，而对南瓜雌花形成的促进作用不显著；多效唑对南瓜、西葫芦雌花形成的影响与对照的影响无显著性差异。南瓜和西葫芦5个栽培品种对四种化学物反应稍有差异，但趋势相同。

Abstract: In order to solve several issues of squash and zucchini in greenhouse cultivation on autumn, such as overquick vegetative growth during the early development, few female flowers and low yield, this study uses two squash and three zucchini varieties as experimental materials, treated with four kinds of chemical substances [Gibberellin 3 (GA3), cycocel (CCC), Ethrel (ET) and Paclobutrazol (PB)] to control vegetative growth and promote the development of the female flowers. The results showed that GA3 promotes and PB, CCC and ET inhibit the vegetative growth of squash and zucchini; ET has a highly significant role in promoting female flowers formation of squash and zucchini; CCC and GA3 have a significant role in promoting female flowers on zucchini, but no difference on squash; PB has no significant difference in impacts on female flowers development between treatment and control. The reaction of five varieties of squash and zucchini treated with four kinds of chemicals is a little different, but the trend is the same.