城镇化进程中居民的景观感知及乡村景观发展模式

Residents’ Landscape Perception and Rural Landscape Development Patterns in the Midst of Urbanization

摘要: 本研究以浙江西北部杭州余杭区及临安、长兴与安吉这3个县市各一个村为研究地点。采用实地问卷发放，调查了乡村居民对林地功能的认识，对乡村景观的偏好并与城市居民做比较，对乡村景观价值的认知，并了解当地居民对多种乡村景观发展策略的认同程度。研究反映出城镇化进程中不同地区乡村居民对乡村景观的依赖均已从经济生产功能转向多种社会价值的共同趋势。乡村居民对乡村景观的偏好与城市居民存在明显差异，但也有共同点，预示了公众增长的对自然与文化景观资源适意性的社会需求将使乡村景观的功能格局发生改变。根据4个样村的资源状况、区位条件、产业构成与农户的可持续发展意识与经营意向，结合内外驱动因素，提出乡村发展的模式，并探讨了具景观资源优势的乡村以旅游为主导的景观发展途径。

Abstract: This study takes one village respectively as sample fields in Yuhang district of Hangzhou and each county-level city of Lin’an, Chang Xing and An’ji in north-west Zhejiang. By applying questionnaire survey, rural residents’ perception on woodland functions is investigated, their landscape preference is compared with urban residents’, and their perception on rural landscape values is also measured. Rural residents’ attitude towards landscape development strategies is investigated as well. The study reflects that with the ongoing urbanization, rural residents in different areas have the common trend that their dependence on rural landscape is changing from traditional agricultural production to increasing diversified social needs. Rural and urban residents’ preference for landscape attractions presents difference, but also a consensus, which predicts the change of rural landscape function image due to increased social demands for amenities in natural and cultural resource. Village development models integrating internal and external driving factors upon the four sample fields are presented based on factors of resource, location, industry structure, farmers’ sustainable development consciousness and employment intention. Tourism- oriented landscape development approach is discussed in the villages of rich resource landscapes.