浦安迪在中国奇书叙事分析中的反讽视角

Andrew H. Plaks’ Application of Irony to the Narrative Study of Chinese Qishu

摘要: Irony是西方文艺理论中的一个重要范畴。反讽的含义从古希腊的修辞手法，到十八世纪德国浪漫派形而上学的定义，再到二十世纪新批评派从语义学和符号学角度定义反讽为诗歌结构；在此过程中，这一术语的“义”的边界随着新的阐释而改变着。在《中国叙事学》中，浦安迪应用反讽理论分析中国古典小说，是一种新的视角，但是在具体分析上，还有许多值得商榷的地方。例如我们还应考虑奇书文体起源、特点、作者的历史观和民间正统观点等等，这样才能对中国古典名著有更客观和准确的把握。

Abstract: Irony is a significant term in western literary critical theories. Its connotation extends from the rhetoric device in Greek classics to a philosophical term given by the 18th German Romanticism, and the 20th New Criticism defines it as the poetic structure based on semantics and semiotics. Its border of meaning has been altered in the process of these interpretations. In Chinese Narrative, Andrew H. Plaks applies the theory of irony to the analysis on Chinese classics, especially the genre of Qishu. His perspective is undoubtedly fresh, yet there is still a need for further justification, for example, a repetitive consideration of the genre’s origin and particularity, authors’ historical view as well as the views from folk readers of those times, etc. Only in this way can we further our interpretation of Chinese classics more objectively and precisely.