南方稻作区规模农户发展面临的问题及其政策启示

The Development Situation, Problems and Their Policy Implications of the Scale Farmers of Rice Production in South China

摘要: 随着土地流转的不断深入，大农户正成为我国土地的主要经营单元，及时洞察大农户发展过程的问题，寻找助力大农户健康发展的对策，对我国农地的高效利用与粮食安全具有重要意义。本文基于湖北省江汉平原4个县(市) 8个乡镇16个村480个农户家庭的调查数据，对我国南方稻作区大农户的健康发展问题进行了研究。结果表明：1) 现阶段小规模农户家庭数量仍然较多，而中等规模农户数量迅速增加，已成为农地利用最重要的经营形式，大农户发展前景看好；2) 但是，大农户的健康发展目前面临“土地流转市场不完善，科学种田、合理施肥与对症防病虫害的技术薄弱，晒(谷)烘(干)条件差、储粮谷仓缺失、售粮压力大，扩大再生产的融资能力有限，惠农政策激励作用有限”等突出问题；3) 建立基于乡镇一级的土地流转市场，提升基层农机服务站的服务意识与水平，开设大农户卖粮绿色通道、实施粮食烘干设备与谷仓建设专项资助，引导农村信用合作社的资金向大农户倾斜，调整现有惠农政策并重点资助真正为国家生产粮食的地区与农户，探索基于大农户用地需求的土地整治新模式，有助于我国大农户的健康发展。

Abstract: With the deepening of land circulation, large-scale farmers are becoming main management units of China’s land; finding out the problems in the developing process of large-scale farmers and looking for countermeasures for the healthy development of large-scale farmers are of great im-portance to the efficient use of agricultural land and food safety. Based on the survey data of 480 households in 16 villages from 8 different towns located at 4 different counties of Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province, this paper studies the healthy development of large-scale farmers in the rice-growing areas of southern China. The results show that: 1) At present, the number of small-scale farmers is still large, the number of medium-sized farmers has increased rapidly, which has become the most important form of agricultural land use, and the development prospects of large farmers are promising. 2) However, the healthy development of large-scale farmers is currently facing many serious problems: such as the not perfect land transfer market; weak technologies for scientific farming, reasonable fertilization and symptomatic disease prevention; poor drying and baking (dry) conditions; lack of grain barns; high selling pressure; limited fi-nancing capacity for expanding reproduction. 3) Establishing a land transfer market based on township level, enhancing the service awareness and level of grassroots agricultural service stations, opening crop-selling green channels for large-scale farmers, setting special funds for crop drying equipment and barn construction, guiding rural credit cooperatives to provide more money for large-scale farmers, adjusting the existing preferential agricultural policies, focusing on financing areas and farmers that really produce food for the country and exploring new models of land remediation based on the needs of large-scale farmers are of great importance to the healthy development of large-scale farmers in China.