[1]
|
Eyre, H., Kahn, R. and Robertson, R.M. (2004) Preventing Cancer, Cardiovascular Disease, and Diabetes: A Common Agenda for the American Cancer Society, the American Diabetes Association, and the American Heart Association. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 54, 190-207. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.54.4.190
|
[2]
|
Hertog, M.G., Feskens, E.J. and Kromhout, D. (1997) Antioxidant Flavonols and Coronary Heart Disease Risk. Lancet, 349, 699. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60135-3
|
[3]
|
Knekt, P., Kumpulainen, J., Jarvinen, R., et al. (2002) Flavonoid Intake and Risk of Chronic Diseases. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76, 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.3.560
|
[4]
|
Zamora-Ros, R., Forouhi, N.G., Sharp, S.J., et al. (2014) Dietary Intakes of Individual Flavanols and Flavonols Are Inversely Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in European Populations. The Journal of Nutrition, 144, 335-343.
https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.184945
|
[5]
|
Palma-Duran, S.A., Vlassopoulos, A., Lean, M., et al. (2015) Nutritional Intervention and Impact of Polyphenol on Glycohaemoglobin (HgA1c) in Non-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55, 975-986.
|
[6]
|
Dillinger, T.L., Barriga, P., Escarcega, S., et al. (2000) Food of the Gods: Cure for Humanity? A Cultural History of the Medicinal and Ritual Use of Chocolate. The Journal of Nutrition, 130, 2057S-7072S.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/130.8.2057S
|
[7]
|
Seligson, F.H., Krummel, D.A. and Apgar, J.L. (1994) Patterns of Chocolate Consumption. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 60, 1060S-1064S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/60.6.1060S
|
[8]
|
CAOBISCO (2010) Ranking of Consumption (Chocolate Confectionery).
www.caobisco.com/doc_uploads/Charts/ranking_of_consumption_chocolate_confectionery_2007.pdf
|
[9]
|
Cooper, K.A., Donovan, J.L., Waterhouse, A.L., et al. (2008) Cocoa and Health: A Decade of Research. British Journal of Nutrition, 99, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114507795296
|
[10]
|
Ceriello, A. and Motz, E. (2004) Is Oxidative Stress the Pathogenic Mechanism Underlying Insulin Resistance, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease? The Common Soil Hypothesis Revisited. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24, 816-823. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000122852.22604.78
|
[11]
|
Miller, K.B., Stuart, D.A., Smith, N.L., et al. (2006) Antioxidant Activity and Polyphenol and Procyanidin Contents of Selected Commercially Available Cocoa-Containing and Chocolate Products in the USA. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 4062-4068. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060290o
|
[12]
|
Hanhineva, K., Törrönen, R., Bondia-Pons, I., et al. (2010) Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Carbohydrate Metabolism. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11, 1365-1402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11041365
|
[13]
|
Johnston, K., Sharp, P., Clifford M., et al. (2005) Dietary Polyphenols Decrease Glucose Uptake by Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. FEBS Letters, 579, 1653-1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2004.12.099
|
[14]
|
Chakravarthy, B.K., Gupta, S. and Gode, K.D. (1982) Functional Beta Cell Regeneration in the Islets of Pancreas in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats by (-)-Epicatechin. Life Sciences, 31, 2693-2697.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(82)90713-5
|
[15]
|
Hii, C.S. and Howell, S.L. (1985) Effects of Flavonoids on Insulin Secretion and 45Ca2+ Handling in Rat Islets of Langerhans. Journal of Endocrinology, 107, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1070001
|
[16]
|
Ruzaidi, A., Amin, I., Nawalyah, A.G., et al. (2005) The Effect of Malaysian Cocoa Extract on Glucose Levels and Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 98, 55-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.018
|
[17]
|
Jalil, A.M., Ismail, A., Pei, C.P., et al. (2008) Effects of Cocoa Extract on Glucometabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Obese-Diabetic (Ob-db) Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56, 7877-7884.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf8015915
|
[18]
|
Kim, J.A., Montagnani, M., Koh, K.K., et al. (2006) Reciprocal Relationships between Insulin Resistance and Endothelial Dysfunction: Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Circulation, 113, 1888-1904.
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.563213
|
[19]
|
Sydow, K., Mondon, C.E. and Cooke, J.P. (2005) Insulin Resistance: Potential Role of the Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor ADMA. Vascular Medicine, 10, S35-S43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358836X0501000106
|
[20]
|
Hollenberg, N. (2006) Vascular Action of Cocoa Flavanols in Humans: The Roots of the Story. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 47, S99-S102.
|
[21]
|
McCullough, M.L., Chevaux, K., Jackson, L., et al. (2006) Hypertension, the Kuna, and the Epidemiology of Flavanols. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 47, S103-S109. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005344-200606001-00003
|
[22]
|
Hollenberg, N.K., Fisher, N.D. and McCullough, M.L. (2009) Flavanols, the Kuna, Cocoa Consumption, and Nitric Oxide. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 3, 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2008.11.001
|
[23]
|
Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Necozione, S., et al. (2008) Blood Pressure Is Reduced and Insulin Sensitivity Increased in Glucose-Intolerant, Hypertensive Subjects after 15 Days of Consuming High-Polyphenol Dark Chocolate. The Journal of Nutrition, 138, 1671-1676. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.9.1671
|
[24]
|
Davison, K., Coates, A.M., Buckley, J.D., et al. (2008) Effect of Cocoa Flavanols and Exercise on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Subjects. International Journal of Obesity (London), 32, 1289-1296.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.66
|
[25]
|
Almoosawi, S., Fyfe, L., Ho, C., et al. (2010) The Effect of Polyphe-nol-Rich Dark Chocolate on Fasting Capillary Whole Blood Glucose, Total Cholesterol, Blood Pressure and Glucocorticoids in Healthy Overweight and Obese Subjects. British Journal of Nutrition, 103, 842-850. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509992431
|
[26]
|
Puupponen-Pimiä, R., Nohynek, L., Hartman Schmidlin, S., et al. (2005) Berry Phenolics Selectively Inhibit the Growth of Intestinal Pathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98, 991-1000.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02547.x
|
[27]
|
Kemperman, R.A., Bolca, S., Roger, L.C., et al. (2010) Novel Approaches for Analysing Gut Microbes and Dietary Polyphenols: Challenges and Opportunities. Microbiology, 156, 3224-3231. https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.042127-0
|
[28]
|
Haslam, E., Lilley, T.H., Warminski, E., et al. (1992) Polyphenol Complexation. A Study in Molecular Recognition. ACS Symposium Series, 506, 8-50. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0506.ch002
|
[29]
|
Hattori, M., Kusumoto, I.T., Namba, T., et al. (1990) Effect of Tea Polyphenols on Glucan Synthesis by Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38, 717-720.
https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.38.717
|
[30]
|
Tombola, F., Campello, S., De Luca, L., et al. (2003) Plant Polyphenols Inhibit VacA, a Toxin Secreted by the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori. FEBS Letters, 543, 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00443-5
|
[31]
|
Cardona, F., Andrés-Lacueva, C., Tulipani, S., et al. (2013) Benefits of Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Implications in Human Health. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 24, 1415-1422.
|
[32]
|
Curtis, P.J., Sampson, M., Potter, J., et al. (2012) Chronic Ingestion of Flavan-3-Ols and Isoflavones Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Lipoprotein Status and Attenuates Estimated 10-Year CVD Risk in Medicated Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A 1-Year, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care, 35, 226-232.
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc11-1443
|
[33]
|
Grassi, D., Desideri, G., Necozione, S., et al. (2015) Cocoa Consumption Dose-Dependently Improves Flow-Mediated Dilation and Arterial Stiffness Decreasing Blood Pressure in Healthy Individuals. Journal of Hypertension, 33, 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000412
|
[34]
|
Farhat, G., Drummond, S., Fyfe, L., et al. (2014) Dark Chocolate: An Obesity Paradox or a Culprit for Weight Gain? Phytotherapy Research, 28, 791-797. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5062
|
[35]
|
Tey, S.L., Brown, R.C., Gray, A.R., et al. (2012) Long-Term Consumption of High Energy-Dense Snack Foods on Sensory-Specific Satiety and Intake. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95, 1038-1047.
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.030882
|