吴哥城市化及其对其周边世界文化遗产保护的影响研究

Impact of Urbanization in Angkor on the Preservation of the World Cultural Heritage

摘要: 随着城市化的进程不断加快，城市的快速扩张和不合理开发等活动严重威胁到了城市附近世界遗产的保护与发展。在此背景下，本文以Sentinel-2A卫星遥感影像为数据基础，采用GIS方法，提取世界遗产吴哥遗迹群2015年12月31日和2017年12月20日两期土地利用变化信息，并基于转移矩阵方法和土地利用变化图谱分析各类土地转移变化和城市规模扩张对遗迹保护的影响。结果表明：研究区内水域、耕地和建设用地面积增多；林地面积减少，减少的面积主要集中于居民点和遗迹附近；遗产地周边的建设用地主要由耕地转化而来，部分已经对遗产地周边生态环境构成威胁。2017年遗迹群1 km缓冲区内建设面积侵入率已经达到10.7%，主要受到了南北方向建设用地扩张影响，年均建设用地侵入速率为2.3平方千米/年，按照这样的速度，遗迹群将于40年内被全部侵占损毁。因此，需要及时对吴哥遗迹进行规划保护。

Abstract: With the accelerating process of urbanization, rapid urban expansion and irrational development activities seriously threaten the conservation and development of World Heritage properties near cities. Against this background, this paper uses Sentinel-2A satellite remote sensing images as the data source and GIS methods to extract the land use change information of the World Heritage Angkor Heritage Site from December 31, 2015 and December 20, 2017, and analyzes the impact of various land transfer changes and urban scale expansion on the conservation of the site based on transfer matrix method and land use change mapping. The results show that the area of water, cultivated land and construction land in the study area has increased; the area of forested land has decreased and the decrease is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of settlements and monuments; the construction land around the heritage site is mainly converted from cultivated land and some of it has already posed a threat to the ecological environment around the heritage site. In 2017, the intrusion rate of construction land in the 1 km buffer zone of the heritage site has reached 10.7%, which is mainly affected by the expansion of construction land in the north-south direction; the average annual rate of construction land intrusion is 2.3 km2/year; at this rate, the heritage site will be completely destroyed within 40 years. Therefore, Angkor needs to be planned and protected in a timely manner.