土地利用格局幅度效应研究——以扬州市广陵区为例

Spatial Scale Effect of Land Use Landscape Pattern in Guangling District of Yangzhou City

摘要: 分析揭示不同斑块景观尺度下的强化土地科学利用景观格局尺度效应对于强化县域单元土地的科学利用景观具有一定的客观现实意义和科学理论的应用价值。以江苏省扬州市广陵区为代表的案例，以县域单元土地科学利用景观调查的数据为基础，运用斑块景观的格局尺度指数和GIS，通过计算和改变斑块空间利用幅度，探讨了类型和斑块景观形状水平下的强化土地科学利用景观格局和空间利用尺度的效应。分析研究的结果表明：1) 随着利用幅度的扩大，类型和水平上，斑块的数量、景观的形状类型指数逐步明显增加，斑块形状类型的百分比随机发生变化，斑块的密度随机变化呈明显的局部幅度变化效应，交通运输建设用地、城镇村及工矿建设用地、水域及其他水利基础设施等非农业用地对空间尺度变化的响应则相对微弱；在斑块景观类型水平上，香农的多样性、聚集指数逐步明显增加，香农均匀性渐趋明显减少，各斑块景观形状指数对空间幅度变化的响应均不敏感。2) 1:1万平方米的比例尺时科学利用幅度变化效应的转折点一般位于10 km × 10 km处。分析研究的结果对于类型和县域单元斑块景观科学利用格局尺度效应分析量化的研究提供了参考。

Abstract: The scale effect of land use pattern change is of great significance to optimize the land use pattern. Combined GIS and landscape analysis method by changing the spatial grain sizes and spatial extent sizes, the paper analyzes the landscape patterns in Guangling District under two different patterns (class level and landscape level). The results show that: 1) with the increase of spatial extent sizes changed, on class level, the number of patches; landscape shape index gradually increased, the percentage of plaque type varied randomly; patch density had a local amplitude effect. The response of land for transportation, urban and industrial land, land and water conservancy facilities to scale changes was relatively weak. On landscape level, shannon diversity, aggregation index gradually increased; shannon uniformity gradually reduced; the landscape index on the amplitude of the response was not sensitive. 2) The turning point of the particle size effect was 100 m, and the turning point of the amplitude effect was 10 km × 10 km at the 1:1 million scale. All in all, the grain sizes effect was different with the extent sizes effect. The results of the study provided a reference for the quantitative analysis of the landscape pattern of county units.