土地细碎化对农业生产经营效益的影响研究——以象山定塘镇为例

The Research on the Effect of Land Fragmentation in Agricultural Production and Management—Take Ding Tang Town in Zhejiang Province as an Example

摘要: 家庭联产承包责任制下的分田到户极大地激发了农民生产的积极性，对提高农业生产力，解决温饱问题发挥了其历史作用；但与此同时，其带来的土地细碎化使得土地规模经营很难实现，阻碍了部分地区农业生产力的进一步发展。本文在理论研究的基础上，以象山县定塘镇为研究区域，通过问卷调查和数据分析的方式，研究土地细碎化会影响哪些因素而影响农业生产经营，并对这些因素影响农业生产经营的方式和程度进行分析。研究显示：① 土地细碎化农业生产经营效益的正面影响有：土地细碎化对分散市场经营风险、消化“老龄化”劳动力、劳动力的季节性分配使用、农民收入、农户土地流转意愿等方面产生正面影响，有利于农业生产经营效益的提高。② 土地细碎化农业生产经营效益的负面影响有：土地细碎化对抵御自然经营风险，种植、机械、水电、土地转租成本，社会性、流通性基础设施建设等方面起着较大的负面影响；此外，会加重“农民荒”现象，雇佣成本，生产性基础设施，农户、组织、农业公司对农业技术的投入等，不利于农业生产经营效率的提高。

Abstract: The household contract responsibility system held in China plays a historical role in improving production enthusiasm of agricultural producers, increasing agricultural productivity as well as meeting the need of food. Meanwhile, agricultural land fragmentation it brings makes it hard to implement land scale management, which has stopped the development of agriculture in some areas. On the basis of theory, this thesis regards Ding Tang as study area, and analyzes the factors that land fragmentation brings, along with the effect in agricultural production and management by using the method of questionnaire and data analysis. Furthermore, it explores the mode and degree of these factors influencing on agricultural production and management and finally reaches a conclusion.