土地流转视角下耕地“非粮化”问题研究——以云南省为例

Research on the Problem of Cultivated Land “Non-Grain” from the Perspective of Land Circulation—Taking Yunnan Province as an Example

摘要: 粮食安全是关乎国计民生的大事。然而，随着社会经济的快速发展，土地流转中耕地“非粮化”的问题日益突出。文章基于云南省的农户问卷调查数据，实证分析土地流转视角下的耕地“非粮化”问题，并提出针对性政策建议。结果显示，第一，土地流转会促进耕地“非粮化”。地块在流转后更倾向于种植非粮作物；相对种植地块，流转地块的非粮化率明显提高。流转前后耕地非粮化有较大差异；地块流转后，原先种植粮食作物的地块更倾向于种植非粮作物，流转后耕地的非粮化率相较流转前耕地的非粮化率有明显提高。第二，流转价格和流转对象均对耕地“非粮化”有一定影响。相比无偿代耕方式，有偿出租方式的地块更容易非粮化。流转单价对耕地非粮化率有较大影响；随着流转单价的增加，流转地块的非粮化率也随之增加。流转对象对地块非粮化率有较大影响，流转给种植大户地块的非粮化率明显高于普通农户地块的非粮化率，流转对象为种植大户的地块更容易非粮化。我们在考虑地块“非粮化”问题的同时，要关注土地流转过程中流转因素的影响；在促进土地流转的同时，要适当遏制耕地“非粮化”现象，确保国家粮食安全。

Abstract: Food security is a major issue related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. However, with the rapid development of social economy, the problem of “non-grain” cultivated land in land circulation has become increasingly prominent. Based on the questionnaire survey data of rural households in Yunnan Province, this paper empirically analyzes the problem of “non-grain con-version” of cultivated land from the perspective of land transfer, and puts forward targeted policy suggestions. The results show that, first, land transfer will promote the “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land. After the transfer of plots, non-grain crops are more inclined to be planted, and the non-grain conversion rate of the plots is significantly higher than that of planting plots. There is a big difference in the conversion of cultivated land to non-grain crops before and after the transfer, and the non-grain conversion rate of cultivated land after the transfer is significantly higher than that of cultivated land before transfer. Second, both the circulation price and the object of circulation have a certain impact on the “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land. Compared with the free farming method, the land plot in the paid rental mode is more likely to be non-grain. The unit price of circulation has a great impact on the non-grain rate of cultivated land, and with the increase of the unit price of circulation, the non-grain rate of the transferred land plot also increases. The non-grain rate of the plots transferred to large farmers is significantly higher than that of ordinary farmers, and the plots with large farmers are more likely to be non-grain. While considering the issue of “non-grain conversion” of land plots, we should pay attention to the in-fluence of the circulation factors in the process of land circulation; while promoting land circulation, we should appropriately curb the phenomenon of “non-grain conversion” of cultivated land and ensure national food security.