社会视角对6~10岁儿童理解反语社会功能的影响
The Effect of Social Perspective on 6 to 10 Years Old Children to Understand the Social Function of Irony
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2012.25041, PDF, HTML, XML, 下载: 3,374  浏览: 12,377 
作者: 周开祥*, 缪艳君, 张继元, 张进辅:西南大学心理学部
关键词: 反语社会功能社会视角Irony; Social Function; Social Perspective
摘要: 通过情境故事法,考察不同社会视角对6~10岁儿童理解反语社会功能的影响。结果发现,不同社会视角下,6~10岁儿童在理解反语的社会功能均体现出反语的淡化功能;同时,与反语被批评者、旁观者相比,反语批评者理解反语的淡化功能更强;6岁儿童已经能够从不同社会视角理解反语的淡化功能,10岁儿童已经开始理解反语的幽默功能。
Abstract: We investigate the 6 to 10 years old children’s understanding of the Social Functions of Verbal Irony on different perspective with the Scenarios story theory. The results found that, on different social perspective, the ability of understanding of the irony reflected the tinge hypothesis of irony among the children from 6 to 10 years old. Compared with the irony being criticized and bystanders, the irony critics could understand better the tinge function of the irony. The 6 years old children had been able to understand the tinge function of irony from different social perspective. The 10 years old children had begun to understand the humor function of irony.
文章引用:周开祥, 缪艳君, 张继元, 张进辅 (2012). 社会视角对6~10岁儿童理解反语社会功能的影响. 心理学进展, 2(5), 262-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AP.2012.25041

参考文献

[1] 成伟均(1991). 修辞通鉴. 北京: 中国青年出版社.
[2] 顾敏敏, 鲁忠义(2004). 儿童的工作记忆广度. 心理科学, 27期, 137- 139.
[3] 李红, 高雪梅, 吴睿明(2004). 儿童青少年的审美心理与教育. 重庆: 西南师范大学出版社: 17-20.
[4] 桑标(2004). 当代儿童发展心理学. 上海: 上海教育出版社: 138- 140.
[5] 张萌, 张积家(2010). 6~10岁儿童对反语社会功能的认知. 心理科学, 33期, 329-332.
[6] 赵红梅, 苏彦捷(2006). 学龄后心理理论的持续发展——从“获得”到“使用”的转变. 心理学探新, 26期, 22-25.
[7] Andrews, J., Rosenblatt, E., Malkus, U., Gardner, H., & Winner, E. (1986). Children’s abilities to distinguish metaphoric and ironic utterances from mistakes and lies. Communication & Cognition, 19, 281-297.
[8] Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. New York: Cambridge University Press.
[9] Colston, H. L. (1997). Salting a wound or sugaring a pill: The pragmatic functions of ironic criticisms. Discourse Processes, 23, 24-45.
[10] Creusere, M. A. (1999). Theories of adults’ understanding and use of irony and sarcasm: Applications to and evidence from research with children. Developmental Review, 19, 213-262.
[11] Creusere, M. A. (2000). A developmental tests of theoretical perspectives on the understanding of verbal irony: Children’s recognition of allusion and pragmatic insincerity. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 15, 29-45.
[12] Demorest, A., Meyer, C., Phelps, E., Gardner, H., & Winner, E. (1984). Words speak louder than actions: Understanding deliberately false remarks. Child Development, 55, 1527-1534.
[13] Dews, S., Kaplan, J., & Winner, E. (1995). Why not say it directly? The social functions of irony. Discourse Processes, 19, 347-367.
[14] Dews, S., & Winner, E. (1995). Muting the meaning: A social function of irony. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 10, 3-19.
[15] Dews, S., Winner, E., Kaplan, J., Rosenblatt, E., Hunt, M., Lim, K., McGovern, A., Qualter, A., & Smarsh, B. (1996). Children’s understanding of the meaning and functions of verbal irony. Child Development, 67, 3071-3085.
[16] Gallagher, H. L., Happe, F., Brunswick, N., et al. (2000). Reading the mind in cartoons and stories: An fMRI study of “theory of mind” in verbal and nonverbal tasks. Neuropsychologia, 38, 11-21.
[17] Gibbs, R. W. (1986). On the psycholinguistics of sarcasm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 3-15.
[18] Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
[19] Kreuz, R. J., & Glucksberg, S. (1989). How to be sarcastic: The echoic reminder theory of verbal irony. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 118, 374-386.
[20] Kreuz, R. J., Long, D. L., & Church, M. B. (1991). On being ironic: Pragmatic and mnemonic implications. Metaphor and Symbolic Activity, 6, 149-162.
[21] Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. New York: Longman.
[22] Pexman, P. M., Glenwright, M., Krol, A., & James, T. (2005). An acquired taste: Children’s perceptions of humor and teasing in verbal irony. Discourse Processes, 40, 259-288.
[23] Pexman, P. M., & Olineck, K. (2002). Does sarcasm always sting? Investigating the impact of ironic insults and ironic compliments. Discourse Processes, 33, 199-217.
[24] Perner, J., & Wimmer, H. (1985). “John thinks that Mary thinks that…”: Attribution of second-order beliefs by 5- to 10-year old children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 39, 437-471.
[25] Roberts, R. M., & Kreuz, R. J. (1994). Why do people use figurative language? Psychological Science, 5, 159-163.
[26] Stuss, D. T., Gallup, G. G., & Alexander, M. P. (2001). The frontal lobes are necessary for “theory of mind”. Brain, 124, 279-286.
[27] Toplak, M., & Katz, A. N. (2000). On the uses of sarcastic irony. Journal of Pragmatics, 32, 1467-1488.
[28] Wakusawa, K., Sugiura, M., et al. (2007). Comprehension of implicit meanings in social situations involving irony: A functional MRI study. NeuroImage, 37, 1417-1426.
[29] Winner, E., & Leekam, S. (1991). Distinguishing irony from deception: Understanding the speaker’s second-order intention. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9, 257-270.