农户宅基地退出意愿及影响因素研究——基于云南省宅基地改革试点的实证

Research on Farmers’ Willingness to Quit Homestead and Its Influencing Factors—An Empirical Study Based on the Pilot Program for Homestead Land Reform in Yunnan Province

摘要: 深入研究农户宅基地退出意愿及其影响因素，有助于推动乡村振兴、加强耕地保护和保障国家粮食安全。本研究在云南省宅基地改革试点区开展农户抽样调查，运用二元Logistic回归模型分析农户宅基地退出意愿及其影响因素。研究显示：农户宅基地退出意愿较低，仅有23.88%的受访农户愿意退出宅基地；农户的文化程度、家庭年收入、宅基地数量、对宅基地政策了解程度对其有显著正向影响，年龄、家庭总人口对其有显著负向影响，而农户的性别、劳动力数、非农劳动力数、宅基地面积和宅基地距县城距离的影响则不显著；受访农户对宅基地退出政策的认知程度普遍偏低。据此，为了引导农户退出宅基地，应该尊重农民意愿，加大宅基地相关政策的宣传力度，建立完善的宅基地退出社会保障制度，减轻农户退出宅基地的顾虑，促进农村闲置宅基地科学有序退出。

Abstract: A deep study on farmers’ willingness to exit homesteads and its influencing factors helps promote rural revitalization, strengthen cultivated land protection, and ensure national food security. This study conducted a farmer sampling survey in the homestead reform pilot area of Yunnan Province and used a binary Logistic regression model to analyze farmers’ homestead exit willingness and its influencing factors. The research shows: Farmers’ willingness to exit homesteads is low, with only 23.88% of respondents willing to exit. Farmers’ education level, annual household income, number of homesteads, and understanding of homestead policies have significant positive effects, while age and total household population have significant negative effects. However, farmers’ gender, number of laborers, non-agricultural laborers, homestead area, and distance from the homestead to the county town have no significant impact. Respondents’ awareness of homestead exit policies is generally low. To guide farmers to exit homesteads, it is essential to respect their will, intensify publicity of related policies, establish a sound social security system for homestead exit, and alleviate farmers’ concerns to promote the scientific and orderly exit of rural idle homesteads.